The dialectic concept means the construction of common values on a particular subject by the word root dialogue and ethical canonicalization of the thesis and antithesis, i.e., in a debated way, passed from thesis to synthesis, without realizing The same question and the general naming given to the concept values will be achieved in the discussion of possible hypothetical answers.
It means the art of persuading the interlocutors at the beginning of the art of debate or contradictory ways. It is a form of reasoning using contrasts, dialectic and Socratic method, as the art of debate and thinking is the most competent form of dialectic in antiquity. The idea of continuity of change and movement is expressed as dialectitic at this stage. The method of removing all the positive and negative thoughts contained in an idea or principle was called dialectic.
In the Platonist conception, the ideas are dialectic, the dialectics of ideas, because they mean real. But in other ways, it is seen that there is a sense of reaching the ideas of objects from the audible and increasingly understanding of the unchanging principles or laws of these objects and information. Heraklitos "is not washed twice in the same race " The word shows the initial open definition of the dialect. This is the starting point of all studies on Dialectitics. The concepts of occurrence and change appear as fundamental concepts of dialectic understanding at this point. It can be said that the first age philosophers are dialects, even in opposite directions. It is known that the Dialectitic method is used in certain ways in Socrates and in the Sofistler. Aristotle is the father of the dialect, not Heraclitus, but the Zenon of the elector. Zenon's dialectic is based on the idea of some kind of identity. Zenon shows the impossibility of movement using the Dialectitic method with a series of paradox. The multipliness and diversity seen in the universe are misleading, just as the movement is a misleading view.
When it comes to Hegel, it is a complete philosophical study that is dialectic. As a method, their drink is revealed with a theoretical explanation. According to this, the dialectic, the absolute idea of the thesis-antithesis-synthesis is evaluated as a method of realization of the dialectic trilateral movement and understanding it in this way. Hegel, the dialectics of the movement of thought, directed to the movement of the universe; Because Hegel saw the universe as a "materialized idea." In another way, according to Hegel, the thought and existence are identical. Here, dialectic is the process of development of all thought and existence.
Marx reverses this process of thought, going through Hegel's path and evaluating the dialectic on a substance basis. It is described in conjunction with the concept of contradiction and hence the concept of contrasts since the beginning of the movement in Dialecticide; Marx says that the movement of the substance is the product of dialectic internal contradictions, and the dialect of thought is also considered as a reflection of the consciousness of the movement of the substance at this point. Therefore, Marxist philosophy will be expressed as dialectic materialism. Because of this perception, the dialectic method has become increasingly the science of the Dialectic movement. With Marx and Engels, dialectic now fully means almost today. The most accurate and rational description of this is Engels: Dialectitic, ' The science of the outside world and the general laws of human thought is the study of '. It can be said that the development of dialectics depends entirely on the development of science.
Dialectic is a term deriving from dialektike Tekhne, which means the art of Greek debate, and is often a method of achieving research and truth through reasoning. The dialectic concept refers to the art of persuading the art of debate, or contradictory ways, at first.
It is a form of reasoning that is performed using contrasts, dialectic and Socratic method, as the art of debate and thinking is the most competent form of dialectic in antiquity. The idea of continuity of change and movement is expressed as dialectitic at this stage. The method of removing all thoughts and negative ideas contained in an idea or principle was called dialectic.
Because Dialectitics have gained a different meaning in different periods and in different philosophers, the general dialectic definition above does not include the dialectic understanding of Hegel and Marx, for example. Considering this situation,
1-dialectic means the method of refuting, first of all, through a dissertation or view, examining its logical results. Again, dialectic,
2-demonstrates the method of analyzing the sexes in a logical manner by dividing the species into types or by separating them into species. Other than that, the dialectic
3-the most general and abstract ideas are emerging as a method of research with a process of reasoning that moves from the particular sample or hypothesis and leads to these ideas. Dialectic
4-In a more negative sense, it refers to the reasoning or discussion method, using only the predecessors that are possible or publicly accepted. In this frame,
5-The logic of the dialectic illusion, while the subject of more than the experience of the mind, when the experience exceeds the boundaries of the contradictions that fall into the eyes, means to be criticized. and finally
6-dialectic, the idea and reality of the antithesis with a thesis, the two opposite to the synthesis of the development of the existence and thought act as a law shows.
In this general framework, if we briefly discuss the different meanings of dialects expressed for different philosophers, according to Aristotle, the philosopher who found the dialectics as a method in the form of dialectitic, scathing-reduction It corresponds to reasoning. According to this, Zenon rots by using the Dialectitic method, showing that the thesis or belief of an opposite is either a logical contradiction or an unacceptable conclusion from its acceptance.
In the face of the Elea school, Herakleitos expresses the process of changing the way in which everything that reigns in the Dialectic universe and that exists because of itself is transformed into its own opposition, the unity of opponents and the logic of contradictory expression.
Whereas, in dialectic Socrates, the technique of discussion through question response; It corresponds to the method of decay that sokrates applied to the person who confronted him to discuss it, or that he would remove the logical consequences of the definitions or show contradictions of the definitions. The purpose of the Refugation method is to
It is to show that the person has no knowledge in order to gain access to the real information, but to be able to reach the truth in a debate, as the Sofians do. In dialectic Socrates, it refers to the method of sorting the research method, which aims to reach the object or self-definitions of things, according to their class, nature or species.
Platon, who is a student of Socrates and who is the top and foremost of all the arts created by human dialects, has three different dialectic concepts:
1-On the basis of the dialect evaluated as the highest philosophical method, the question and answer inherited from Socrates has a dialectic understanding of dialectic, appropriate questions and answers, as a technique. The subject of dialects is always the same; The philosopher, using Dialectics, seeks the literal essence of everything that exists.
2-in middle-term dialogues, it means reasoning based on dialectitic hypotheses.
3-In contrast to the old age dialogues, dialectitics become a technique of dividing as a method. The dialectic or dividing conception of Plato in the old age dialogues is composed of dividing the species into a type until it reaches the definition of a species that is undivided and under which only individuals exist.
As for Aristotle, he saw the dialectic as a rationalistic way of being useful, even if not as a reasoning that leads to precise and mandatory results. According to him, his predecessors are generally a rational, dialectic reasoning, adopted by almost everyone or by majority or philosophers; However, if the predecessors only seem to be rational, it is masculine reasoning. Aristotle does not see dialects as the method of science, because we use the introduction of scientific knowledge as the current reasoning that moves from the right and obvious predecessors. However, the dialectic, which is regarded as a probability logic by it, is based on three terms, namely intellectual training or mental gymnastics, on the basis formed by the predecessors adopted by other people, It is important for discussions and for examining the first principles of unproven sciences.
In Kant, which used to be the first time in Modern philosophy, dialectic refers to the type of logic that shows the misconceptions or contradictions of transedental judgments that go beyond the boundaries of the experience. In Hegel, it corresponds as long as it takes a dialectic thought or a real thing before it is forced into the opposite (or contradictory), and then leads to a synthesis (or union) involving both of them. Accordingly, dialectic is the process of shifting that leads to a higher level of knowledge and existence through the opposite of contradictions in both thought and existence, i.e. anything or thought (thesis), its contradiction or contradictory (antithesis), It is finally the result of their mutual action and interactions, and then corresponds to the mandatory conversion process involving three elements, such as the Unity (synthesis), which is the basis of another dialectic movement.