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L'invention et l'histoire du réfrigérateur

Qu'est-ce qu'un réfrigérateur?

C'est une machine de refroidissement qui fonctionne avec la méthode de compression de vapeur, gardant la nourriture froide pendant une longue période.

 

Premier réfrigérateur mécanique:

La plus grande étape dans la fabrication du réfrigérateur est le refroidissement mécanique, qui a été développé par British Thomas Harris et John long en 1790, et a également possédé le premier brevet connu pour cette période. Le liquide de refroidissement mécanique était semblable à la pompe d'aspiration-décharge et il avait besoin de main-d'oeuvre pour fonctionner. Bien que l'utilisation de l'appareil soit difficile pour cette période, les réfrigérateurs travaillent encore aujourd'hui avec la méthode trouvée par les deux inventeurs.

 

Premier réfrigérateur à piston fonctionnant sans main-d'oeuvre:

Inspiré par le même dispositif, l'américain jackop Perkins a breveté une machine de refroidissement de piston fonctionnant avec l'éther en 1834. Mais comme l'éther était inflammable et explosif, l'appareil était extrêmement dangereux. Il a pris sa place dans l'histoire avec le dispositif qui sera inspiré pour produire des réfrigérateurs modernes.

 

Premier réfrigérateur fabriqué à des fins commerciales:

En 1844, John Gorrie fait le premier réfrigérateur produit à des fins commerciales. John Gorrie, médecin dans sa profession d'origine, a pris sa place dans l'histoire comme le père de «systèmes de climatisation-réfrigération-production de glace commerciale» en 1844.

 

Le Dr Alexander Kirk a développé le premier dispositif de refroidissement d'absorption qui a fonctionné avec la chaleur de charbon en 1861. L'entrée dans le domaine commercial de la production de glace par le refroidissement mécanique a été à la fin de l'année 1800'.


 

Le premier réfrigérateur qui fonctionne avec l'énergie électrique:

Karl von Linde (1832-1934) a présenté le premier réfrigérateur de l'inventeur allemand Linde au monde en l'an 1876, fonctionnant avec l'énergie électrique. Pour la circulation du gaz, le compresseur à alimentation électrique a été utilisé pour le système de refroidissement et l'éther méthylique. En 1877, il a reçu des brevets pour ce dispositif. Il était révolutionnaire de travailler avec l'énergie électrique de l'appareil. Cependant, l'éther méthylique utilisé pour le système de refroidissement était encore extrêmement explosif et ne pouvait pas être utilisé comme les modèles précédents en raison de préoccupations de sécurité. Malgré cela, il a réussi à vendre 747 réfrigérateurs jusqu'au 1890.

 

Révolution dans le réfrigérateur, utilisation de gaz fréon:

Le suédois, Baltzar von platine (1898-1984), en collaboration avec Carl Munters, a produit le premier réfrigérateur à utiliser du gaz fréon. Le gaz d'éther utilisé dans les réfrigérants précédents a utilisé le gaz fréon, un nouveau gaz, en raison d'un refroidissement insuffisant et le risque d'explosion. Le dispositif, qui fournit un refroidissement plus efficace et aucun risque d'explosion, a expiré comme un repère sur le réfrigérateur.

 

La première usine frigorifique a été établie:

Kelvinator société a été fondée en 1914. Les réfrigérateurs, qui sont entièrement automatiques et ont une fonction de condenseur, ont été produits en 1925. La première année a été une entreprise géante, vendant 67 pièces de garde-robe, un total de 200 casiers entre 1918-1920 ans.

 

Un cabinet de glace automatique fonctionnant avec le principe d'absorption a également été libéré en Amérique en 1927 par la compagnie d'Electrolux Kelvinator.

 

L'évolution rapide de l'industrie et la différence dans les avantages du réfrigérateur ont conduit à l'établissement de nombreuses usines de réfrigération. Des producteurs plus organisés et travaillant en équipe ont veillé à ce que les réfrigérateurs actuels soient dévoilés.

 

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