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Kako mleko postane jogurt?

Priljubljenost jogurta na svetu se povečuje. Napete vrste jogurta, imenovane grški jogurt, so danes postale industrija z milijardami dolarjev. Obstaja veliko člankov o tem, kako zdravi jogurt je zaradi koristnih bakterij, ki jih vsebuje.

Izdelava jogurta doma je zelo enostavna. Število tistih, ki si delijo svoj domači jogurt na internetu in pod mikroskopom ter preučijo postopek izdelave kemičnega procesa v proizvodnji jogurta, ni tako nizko.

Dejstvo, da je proizvodnja jogurta nadzorovana, je proces rezanja mleka. Torej silite mleko na določen način. Pri izdelavi komercialnega jogurta mleko v takem pralnem stroju pretresite, da se ohrani pravilna konsistenca. Ta proces spremeni mikroskopsko strukturo mleka tako, da velike kolobarje v mleku deli na majhne koščke. Vsaka plast pokriva plast mlečnih beljakovin. Tako, ko se mleko začne razrezati, se te beljakovine prilepijo druga drugi, da se zagotovi, da je maščoba enakomerno porazdeljena v jogurtu in da je v dobri konsistenci.

Stopnja in trajanje ogrevanja
Nato se poveča nastavitev toplote in v mleku ubijejo škodljive bakterije. Segrevanje sproži tudi proces vzpostavitve strukture molekularne mreže z raztapljanjem beljakovin.

Stopnja in trajanje segrevanja mleka določata okus jogurta. V komercialni proizvodnji jogurta se mleko običajno segreva pri 85 stopinjah 30 minut ali 90-95 stopinj za 5 minut. Glede na podjetje, ki razvija električni aparat za domači jogurt, jogurt, narejen iz mleka, segrejenega na manj kot 76 stopinj, nosi površen in rahlo kisel okus, medtem ko je mleko, ki ga držimo 10 minut pri 90 stopinj, težje in manj kislo.

Ko se segreto mleko ohranja na temperaturo telesa (37 stopinj), se glavni del proizvodnje jogurta prenese v fermentacijski proces. Pri tej temperaturi začnejo rasti dve najbolj pogosti bakteriji v jogurtu, lactobacillus bulgaricus in Streptococcus thermophilus. Sladkor pomnožijo v mleku, tj. Vzamejo laktozo in jo pretvorijo v mlečno kislino. Ko se kislina v mleku poveča, se raven pH zmanjša.

Kaj se zgodi, ko se kislina dvigne?
Mlečne beljakovine prepoznajo to spremembo. Do danes se proteini držijo grozdov okrog maščobnih postelj ali v skupinah, ki jih stabilizira sol kalcijevega fosfata. Vendar se z zmanjšanjem pH ravnotežja ta sol raztopi in beljakovinske grude se začnejo raztapljati. Izpuščene beljakovine tvorijo mrežo, tako da se združijo. Na to omrežje so pritrjeni valjčki za vodo in olje. Mleko se je zdaj spremenilo v jogurt.

Ko je proces fermentacije prekinjen z gnetenjem, je proizvod v obliki gela. Zdrobljen jogurt je pridobljen s prehodom dodatne faze. Jogurt je mešan, voda, sladkor in beljakovine se razgradijo. Tako dobimo bolj kremasto konsistenco. Vendar pa veliko stvari, od segrevanja mleka do količine beljakovin, ki jih vsebuje, in brez vpliva na to, delujejo na končno konsistentnost.

Proizvajalci jogurta in znanstveniki na področju hrane so doslej preučevali in preizkušali številne oblike doslednosti. Za izvedbo teh meritev se uporabljajo različni instrumenti.

V proizvodnem procesu je mogoče videti mikroorganizme v mikroskopih, ki se uporabljajo za natančno proučevanje strukture jogurta, bakterij, ki so pritrjene na mreže, maščobnih zrn in drugih elementov v občutljivi kemijski strukturi, ki naredi jogurt. s pomočjo fluorescence.

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