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Как млякото става кисело мляко?

Популярността на киселото мляко в света се увеличава. Напреженият тип кисело мляко, наречен гръцко кисело мляко, днес се превърна в индустрия с милиарди долари. Има много статии за това как здравословното кисело мляко се дължи на полезните бактерии, които съдържа.

Приготвянето на кисело мляко у дома е много лесно. Броят на тези, които споделят домашното си кисело мляко в интернет и под микроскоп и изследват процеса на химически процес в производството на кисело мляко, не е нисък.

Фактът, че производството на кисело мляко се контролира, е процес на рязане на млякото. Така че принуждавате млякото да се счупи по определен начин. При производството на кисело мляко се разклаща млякото в перална машина подобен инструмент, за да се поддържа правилната консистенция. Този процес променя микроскопичната структура на млякото, като разделя големите мазнини на мляко на малки парченца. Всеки слой покрива слой от млечни протеини. Така, когато млякото започва да се отрязва, тези протеини се прилепват един към друг, за да се гарантира, че мазнината е равномерно разпределена в киселото мляко и да бъде в добра консистенция.

Степен и продължителност на отоплението
След това се повишава температурата и в млякото се убиват вредни бактерии. Нагряването също така започва процеса на създаване на структурата на молекулярната мрежа чрез разтваряне на протеините.

Степента и продължителността на нагряването на млякото определя вкуса на киселото мляко. В производството на кисело мляко обикновено млякото се загрява до 85 градуса за 30 минути или 90-95 градуса за 5 минути. Според компания, която разработва електрически уред за домашно кисело мляко, киселото мляко, приготвено с мляко, затопляно до по-малко от 76 градуса, носи помия и леко кисел вкус, докато млякото, което се държи 10 минути при 90 градуса, е по-трудно и по-малко кисело.

Когато нагрятото мляко се поддържа до температурата на тялото (37 градуса), основната част от производството на кисело мляко се прехвърля в процес на ферментация. При тази температура започват да растат две от най-често срещаните бактерии в киселото мляко, lactobacillus bulgaricus и Streptococcus thermophilus. Те умножават захарта в млякото, т.е. приемат лактоза и я превръщат в млечна киселина. С увеличаване на киселината в млякото нивото на рН намалява.

Какво става, когато киселината се повиши?
Млечните протеини разпознават тази промяна. Към днешна дата, протеините се прилепват към клъстери около мастните легла или в клъстери, стабилизирани от калциевата фосфатна сол. Обаче, с намаляването на рН баланса, тази сол се разтваря и протеиновите бучки започват да се разтварят. Освободените протеини образуват мрежа чрез прилепване. Към тази мрежа са прикрепени ролки за вода и масло. Млякото сега се превръща в кисело мляко.

Когато процесът на ферментация се прекъсва чрез месене, продуктът е под формата на гел. Цедено кисело мляко се получава чрез преминаване на допълнителен етап. Тук киселото мляко се смесва, водата, захарта и протеините се разлагат. По този начин се получава по-кремообразна консистенция. Въпреки това, много неща, от загряването на млякото до количеството на протеина, които той съдържа и без да влияе върху него, действат върху крайната консистенция.

Досега производителите на кисело мляко и учените от хранителната промишленост са изучавали и изпробвали много форми на последователност. За извършването на тези измервания се използват различни инструменти.

В производствения процес е възможно да се видят групите протеини в микроскопите, използвани за внимателно проучване на структурата на киселото мляко, бактериите, които са прикрепени към мрежите, мастните зърна и другите елементи в чувствителната химическа структура, която прави кисело мляко. с помощта на флуоресценция.

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