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Hvordan blir melk til yoghurt?

Yoghurtens popularitet i verden øker. Den anstrengt yoghurt typen, kalt gresk yoghurt, er blitt en industri med milliarder dollar i dag. Det er mange artikler om hvordan sunn yoghurt er på grunn av de gunstige bakteriene det inneholder.

Å lage yoghurt hjemme er veldig enkelt. Antallet av de som deler sin hjemmelagde yoghurt på internett og under et mikroskop, og undersøker prosessen med å lage en kjemisk prosess i yoghurtproduksjon, er ikke i det hele tatt lav.

Det faktum at yoghurtproduksjonen styres er en prosess for å kutte melk. Så du tvinger melken til å bryte på en bestemt måte. I kommersiell yoghurtfremstilling, rist melken i en vaskemaskin tilsvarende verktøy for å holde riktig konsistens. Denne prosessen endrer den mikroskopiske strukturen til melken ved å dele de store fettrullene i melk i små biter. Hvert lag dekker et lag med melkeproteiner. Når melken begynner å bli kuttet, holder disse proteinene seg til hverandre for å sikre at fettet blir jevnt fordelt i yoghurt og å være i god konsistens.

Oppvarmingsgrad og varighet
Deretter øker varmeinnstillingen og skadelige bakterier blir drept i melken. Oppvarming starter også prosessen med å sette opp den molekylære nettverksstrukturen ved å oppløse proteiner.

Graden og varigheten av oppvarming av melk bestemmer smaken av yoghurt. I kommersiell yoghurtproduksjon oppvarmes melk vanligvis til 85 grader i 30 minutter eller 90-95 grader i 5 minutter. Ifølge et selskap som utvikler et elektrisk apparat for hjemmelaget yoghurt, yoghurt laget med melk oppvarmet til mindre enn 76 grader, bærer en slurk og litt sur smak, mens melken som holdes i 10 minutter ved 90 grader, er vanskeligere og mindre sur.

Når oppvarmet melk holdes til kroppstemperaturen (37 grader), går hoveddelen av yoghurtproduksjonen til fermenteringsprosessen. Ved denne temperaturen begynner to av de vanligste bakteriene i yoghurt, lactobacillus bulgaricus og Streptococcus thermophilus å vokse. De multipliserer sukkeret i melk, dvs. ta laktose og konvertere det til melkesyre. Når syren i melken øker, reduseres pH-nivået.

Hva skjer når syren stiger?
Melkproteiner gjenkjenner denne forandringen. Til dags dato holdes proteiner i klaser rundt de fete senger eller i klynger stabilisert av kalsiumfosfatsaltet. Men med reduksjonen i pH-balanse, oppløses dette saltet og proteinklumper begynner å oppløse seg. De frigjorte proteinene danner et nettverk ved å klamre sammen. Vann- og oljevalser er festet til dette nettverket. Melken har nå blitt yoghurt.

Når gjæringsprosessen avbrytes ved æltning, er produktet i gelform. Strained yoghurt er oppnådd ved å passere et ekstra stadium. Her blandes yoghurt, vann, sukker og proteiner brytes ned. Derved oppnås en mer kremaktig konsistens. Imidlertid handler mange ting, fra oppvarming av melken til mengden protein det inneholder og uten å påvirke det, på den endelige konsistensen.

Yoghurtprodusenter og matforskere har studert og prøvd mange former for konsistens så langt. Forskjellige instrumenter brukes til å gjøre disse målingene.

I produksjonsprosessen er det mulig å se proteinklyngene i mikroskopene som brukes til å nøye undersøke strukturen av yoghurt, bakteriene som er festet til banene, de fete kornene og de andre elementene i den sensitive kjemiske strukturen som gjør yoghurt ved hjelp av fluorescens.

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