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Comment le lait devient-il du yaourt?

La popularité du yaourt dans le monde augmente. Le type de yaourt pressé, appelé yogourt grec, est devenu une industrie avec des milliards de dollars aujourd'hui. Il existe de nombreux articles sur la santé du yogourt en raison des bactéries bénéfiques qu’il contient.

Faire du yaourt à la maison est très facile. Le nombre de ceux qui partagent leur yogourt fait maison sur Internet et sous un microscope et examinent le processus de fabrication d'un processus chimique pour la production de yogourt n'est pas du tout faible.

Le fait de contrôler la production de yaourt est un processus de réduction du lait. Donc, vous forcez le lait à casser d'une certaine manière. Dans la fabrication du yaourt commercial, secouez le lait dans un outil similaire à la machine à laver pour conserver la consistance appropriée. Ce processus modifie la structure microscopique du lait en divisant les gros rouleaux de graisse dans le lait en petits morceaux. Chaque couche recouvre une couche de protéines de lait. Ainsi, lorsque le lait commence à être coupé, ces protéines adhèrent les unes aux autres pour assurer une répartition homogène de la matière grasse dans le yogourt et une bonne consistance.

Degré et durée de chauffage
Ensuite, le réglage de la chaleur est augmenté et des bactéries nocives sont tuées dans le lait. Le chauffage commence également le processus de mise en place de la structure du réseau moléculaire en dissolvant les protéines.

Le degré et la durée de chauffage du lait déterminent le goût du yaourt. Dans la production commerciale de yaourt, le lait est généralement chauffé à 85 degrés pendant 30 minutes ou à 90-95 degrés pendant 5 minutes. Selon une entreprise qui développe un appareil électrique pour le yogourt fait maison, le yogourt au lait chauffé à moins de 76 degrés a un goût vif et légèrement acide, tandis que le lait maintenu pendant 10 minutes à 90 degrés est plus dur et moins acide.

Lorsque le lait chauffé est maintenu à la température du corps (37 degrés), la majeure partie de la production de yogourt passe au processus de fermentation. À cette température, deux des bactéries les plus courantes dans le yogourt, lactobacillus bulgaricus et streptococcus thermophilus, commencent à se développer. Ils multiplient le sucre dans le lait, c'est-à-dire prennent le lactose et le convertissent en acide lactique. À mesure que l'acide dans le lait augmente, le niveau de pH diminue.

Que se passe-t-il quand l'acide monte?
Les protéines de lait reconnaissent ce changement. À ce jour, les protéines adhèrent aux grappes autour des lits de graisse ou aux grappes stabilisées par le sel de phosphate de calcium. Cependant, avec la diminution de l'équilibre du pH, ce sel se dissout et les amas de protéines commencent à se dissoudre. Les protéines libérées forment un réseau en s'accrochant. Des rouleaux d’eau et d’huile sont reliés à ce réseau. Le lait est maintenant devenu du yaourt.

Lorsque le processus de fermentation est interrompu par le malaxage, le produit est sous forme de gel. Le yaourt filtré est obtenu en passant une étape supplémentaire. Ici, le yaourt est mélangé, l'eau, le sucre et les protéines sont décomposés. Ainsi, une consistance plus crémeuse est obtenue. Cependant, de nombreuses choses, allant du chauffage du lait à la quantité de protéines qu’il contient et sans l’influencer, agissent sur la consistance finale.

Les producteurs de yaourt et les scientifiques de l'alimentation ont étudié et essayé de nombreuses formes de consistance jusqu'à présent. Divers instruments sont utilisés pour effectuer ces mesures.

Dans le processus de production, il est possible de voir les amas de protéines dans les microscopes utilisés pour examiner de près la structure du yogourt, les bactéries qui sont attachées aux toiles, les grains de graisse et les autres éléments de la structure chimique sensible constituant le yogourt. avec l'aide de la fluorescence.

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