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Miten maito tulee jogurtiksi?

Jogurtin suosio maailmassa kasvaa. Kiristynyt jogurtti, jota kutsutaan kreikkalaiseksi jogurtiksi, on tullut miljardeja dollareita tänään. Jogurtin sisältämien hyödyllisten bakteerien takia kuinka terveellistä se ei ole artikkelin loppu.

Jogurtin tekeminen kotona on erittäin helppoa. Niiden lukumäärä, jotka jakavat kotitekoisen jogurtinsa internetissä ja mikroskoopilla ja tutkivat kemiallisen prosessin valmistuksen jogurtin tuotannossa, eivät ole lainkaan alhaisia.

Se, että jogurtin tuotantoa valvotaan, on maidon leikkaaminen. Joten pakotat maidon murtautumaan tietyllä tavalla. Kaupallisessa jogurtin valmistuksessa ravista maitoa pesukonetta vastaavalla työkalulla oikean johdonmukaisuuden säilyttämiseksi. Tämä prosessi muuttaa maidon mikroskooppista rakennetta jakamalla maidon suuret rasvapullot pieniksi paloiksi. Kukin kerros peittää maidon proteiinikerroksen. Näin ollen, kun maito alkaa leikata, nämä proteiinit tarttuvat toisiinsa varmistaakseen, että rasva jakautuu tasaisesti jogurttiin ja että se on hyvässä konsistenssissa.

Lämmitysaste ja kesto
Sitten lämpöasetus kasvaa ja maitossa kuolee haitalliset bakteerit. Lämmitys käynnistää myös molekyyliverkkorakenteen asettamisen prosessin liuottamalla proteiineja.

Maitolämmityksen aste ja kesto määrää jogurtin maun. Kaupallisessa jogurtin tuotannossa maitoa kuumennetaan yleensä 85 astetta 30 minuuttia tai 90-95 astetta 5 minuutin ajan. Yrityksen, joka kehittää kotitekoista jogurttia varten valmistetun sähkölaitteen, mukaan alle 76 asteen maidosta valmistettu jogurtti kuljettaa huolimattoman ja hieman hapan maun, kun taas maitoa, jota pidetään 10 minuuttia 90 astetta, on vaikeampaa ja vähemmän hapan.

Kun lämmitetty maito pysyy kehon lämpötilassa (37 astetta), suurin osa jogurtin tuotannosta siirtyy käymisprosessiin. Tässä lämpötilassa kaksi yleisintä jogurtin, lactobacillus bulgaricuksen ja Streptococcus thermophiluksen bakteerit alkavat kasvaa. Ne moninkertaistavat sokerin maitoon eli ottavat laktoosia ja muuttavat sen maitohapoksi. Kun happo maidossa kasvaa, pH-taso laskee.

Mitä tapahtuu, kun happo nousee?
Maitoproteiinit tunnistavat tämän muutoksen. Tähän mennessä proteiinit tarttuvat rasvakerrosten ympärillä oleviin klustereihin tai kalsiumfosfaattisuolan stabiloimiin klustereihin. PH-tasapainon laskun myötä tämä suola kuitenkin liukenee ja proteiinipumput alkavat liueta. Vapautuneet proteiinit muodostavat verkon tarttumalla yhteen. Tähän verkkoon on liitetty vesi- ja öljypyörät. Maito on nyt muuttunut jogurtiksi.

Kun käymisprosessi keskeytetään vaivaamalla, tuote on geelimuodossa. Jatkuva jogurtti saadaan ylimääräisen vaiheen läpi. Täällä jogurtti sekoitetaan, vesi, sokeri ja proteiinit hajoavat. Näin saadaan enemmän kermanvärisempää konsistenssia. Kuitenkin monet asiat maidon lämmittämisestä siihen sisältyvän proteiinin määrään ja vaikuttamatta siihen vaikuttavat lopulliseen johdonmukaisuuteen.

Jogurtin tuottajat ja elintarvikealan tutkijat ovat tähän mennessä tutkineet ja yrittäneet monenlaisia ​​johdonmukaisuutta. Näiden mittausten tekemiseen käytetään erilaisia ​​välineitä.

Tuotantoprosessissa on mahdollista nähdä mikroskooppien proteiiniklusterit, joita käytetään tarkasti jogurtin rakenteen tutkimiseen, kudoksiin kiinnittyneisiin bakteereihin, rasvaviljaan ja muihin herkän kemiallisen rakenteen elementteihin, jotka tekevät jogurtista fluoresenssin avulla.

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