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¿Cómo se convierte la leche en yogur?

La popularidad del yogurt en el mundo está aumentando. El tipo de yogur colado, llamado yogur griego, se ha convertido en una industria con miles de millones de dólares en la actualidad. Hay muchos artículos acerca de qué tan saludable es el yogur debido a las bacterias benéficas que contiene.

Hacer yogur en casa es muy fácil. La cantidad de personas que comparten su yogurt casero en Internet y bajo un microscopio y examina el proceso de elaboración de un proceso químico en la producción de yogurt no es tan baja.

El hecho de que la producción de yogurt esté controlada es un proceso de corte de leche. Así que obligas a la leche a romper de cierta manera. En la fabricación de yogur comercial, agite la leche en una lavadora similar a una herramienta para mantener la consistencia correcta. Este proceso cambia la estructura microscópica de la leche al dividir los rollos de grasa grandes en la leche en trozos pequeños. Cada capa cubre una capa de proteínas de la leche. Por lo tanto, cuando la leche comienza a cortarse, estas proteínas se adhieren entre sí para garantizar que la grasa se distribuya uniformemente en el yogur y tengan una buena consistencia.

Grado de calentamiento y duración
Luego aumenta el ajuste de calor y las bacterias dañinas mueren en la leche. El calentamiento también inicia el proceso de configuración de la estructura de la red molecular mediante la disolución de las proteínas.

El grado y la duración del calentamiento de la leche determina el sabor del yogur. En la producción comercial de yogurt, la leche generalmente se calienta a 85 grados durante 30 minutos o 90-95 grados durante 5 minutos. Según una compañía que desarrolla un aparato eléctrico para yogur casero, el yogur hecho con leche calentada a menos de 76 grados tiene un sabor desagradable y ligeramente agrio, mientras que la leche que se mantiene durante 10 minutos a 90 grados es más dura y menos ácida.

Cuando la leche calentada se mantiene a la temperatura del cuerpo (37 grados), la parte principal de la producción de yogur pasa al proceso de fermentación. A esta temperatura, dos de las bacterias más comunes en el yogur, lactobacillus bulgaricus y Streptococcus thermophilus comienzan a crecer. Multiplican el azúcar en la leche, es decir, toman lactosa y la convierten en ácido láctico. A medida que aumenta el ácido en la leche, el nivel de pH disminuye.

¿Qué pasa cuando sube el ácido?
Las proteínas de la leche reconocen este cambio. Hasta la fecha, las proteínas se adhieren a grupos alrededor de los lechos de grasa o en grupos estabilizados por la sal de fosfato de calcio. Sin embargo, con la disminución del equilibrio del pH, esta sal se disuelve y los grupos de proteínas comienzan a disolverse. Las proteínas liberadas forman una red al aferrarse. Los rodillos de agua y aceite están conectados a esta red. La leche ahora se ha convertido en yogur.

Cuando el proceso de fermentación se interrumpe por amasamiento, el producto está en forma de gel. El yogur colado se obtiene al pasar una etapa extra. Aquí se mezcla el yogur, se descompone el agua, el azúcar y las proteínas. Así, se obtiene una consistencia más cremosa. Sin embargo, muchas cosas, desde el calentamiento de la leche hasta la cantidad de proteína que contiene y sin influir en ella, actúan sobre la consistencia final.

Los productores de yogurt y los científicos de alimentos han estudiado y probado muchas formas de consistencia hasta ahora. Varios instrumentos se utilizan para hacer estas mediciones.

En el proceso de producción, es posible ver los grupos de proteínas en los microscopios utilizados para examinar de cerca la estructura del yogur, las bacterias que están unidas a las redes, los granos de grasa y los otros elementos en la estructura química sensible que hace el yogur. Con la ayuda de la fluorescencia.

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