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Wie wird Milch zum Joghurt?

Die Popularität von Joghurt in der Welt nimmt zu. Der angespannte Joghurttyp, griechischer Joghurt genannt, ist heute zu einer Industrie mit Milliarden von Dollar geworden. Es gibt viele Artikel darüber, wie gesund Joghurt aufgrund der nützlichen Bakterien ist, die er enthält.

Joghurt zu Hause zuzubereiten ist sehr einfach. Die Anzahl derer, die ihren hausgemachten Joghurt im Internet und unter einem Mikroskop teilen und den Prozess der Herstellung eines chemischen Prozesses in der Joghurtproduktion untersuchen, ist nicht gering.

Die Tatsache, dass die Joghurtproduktion kontrolliert wird, ist ein Prozess des Milchschneidens. Sie zwingen also die Milch auf eine bestimmte Weise zu zerbrechen. Schütteln Sie bei der kommerziellen Joghurtherstellung die Milch in einer ähnlichen Waschmaschine, um die richtige Konsistenz zu erhalten. Dieser Prozess verändert die mikroskopische Struktur der Milch, indem die großen Fettrollen in der Milch in kleine Stücke geteilt werden. Jede Schicht bedeckt eine Schicht Milchproteine. Wenn also die Milch geschnitten wird, haften diese Proteine ​​aneinander, um sicherzustellen, dass das Fett im Joghurt gleichmäßig verteilt wird und eine gute Konsistenz aufweist.

Heizgrad und Dauer
Dann wird die Hitzeeinstellung erhöht und schädliche Bakterien werden in der Milch abgetötet. Das Erhitzen startet auch den Aufbau der molekularen Netzwerkstruktur durch Auflösen der Proteine.

Der Grad und die Dauer der Milchheizung bestimmen den Geschmack von Joghurt. Bei der kommerziellen Joghurtproduktion wird Milch normalerweise 30 Minuten bei 85 Grad oder 5 Minuten bei 90 bis 95 Grad erhitzt. Laut einer Firma, die ein elektrisches Gerät für selbstgemachten Joghurt entwickelt, hat der mit weniger als 76 Grad heißer Milch hergestellte Joghurt einen schlampigen und leicht säuerlichen Geschmack, während die Milch, die 10 Minuten bei 90 Grad gehalten wird, härter und weniger sauer ist.

Wenn die erhitzte Milch auf Körpertemperatur (37 ° C) gehalten wird, wird der Hauptteil der Joghurtproduktion dem Fermentationsprozess zugeführt. Bei dieser Temperatur beginnen zwei der häufigsten Bakterien in Joghurt, Lactobacillus bulgaricus und Streptococcus thermophilus zu wachsen. Sie multiplizieren den Zucker in der Milch, dh nehmen Laktose und wandeln ihn in Milchsäure um. Wenn die Säure in der Milch ansteigt, nimmt der pH-Wert ab.

Was passiert, wenn die Säure steigt?
Milchproteine ​​erkennen diese Veränderung. Bis heute haften die Proteine ​​an Clustern um die Fettbetten oder in Clustern, die durch das Calciumphosphatsalz stabilisiert werden. Mit der Abnahme des pH-Gleichgewichts löst sich dieses Salz jedoch auf und die Proteinklumpen beginnen sich aufzulösen. Die freigesetzten Proteine ​​bilden ein Netzwerk, indem sie aneinander haften. Wasser- und Ölwalzen sind an dieses Netzwerk angeschlossen. Die Milch ist jetzt zu Joghurt geworden.

Wenn der Fermentationsprozess durch Kneten unterbrochen wird, liegt das Produkt in Gelform vor. Verspannter Joghurt wird durch eine zusätzliche Stufe erhalten. Hier wird Joghurt gemischt, Wasser, Zucker und Eiweiße werden abgebaut. So wird eine cremigere Konsistenz erhalten. Viele Dinge, von der Erhitzung der Milch bis zu der darin enthaltenen Proteinmenge und deren Beeinflussung, wirken sich jedoch auf die Endkonsistenz aus.

Joghurthersteller und Lebensmittelwissenschaftler haben bisher viele Formen der Konsistenz untersucht und ausprobiert. Für diese Messungen werden verschiedene Instrumente verwendet.

Im Produktionsprozess ist es möglich, die Proteincluster in den Mikroskopen zu sehen, mit denen die Struktur von Joghurt, die an den Bahnen haftenden Bakterien, die Fettkörner und die anderen Elemente in der empfindlichen chemischen Struktur, aus der Joghurt besteht, genau untersucht werden mit Hilfe der Fluoreszenz.

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