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Jak se mléko stává jogurtem?

Popularita jogurtu ve světě se zvyšuje. Strašený typ jogurtu, nazývaný řecký jogurt, se dnes stal průmyslem s miliardami dolarů. Existuje mnoho článků o tom, jak zdravé jogurt je kvůli prospěšným bakteriím, které obsahuje.

Učinit jogurt doma je velmi snadné. Počet těch, kteří sdílejí svůj domácí jogurt na internetu a pod mikroskopem a zkoumá proces výroby chemického procesu při výrobě jogurtu, není vůbec nízký.

Skutečnost, že výroba jogurtu je kontrolována, je proces snižování mléka. Tak nutíš mléko, aby se tím nějakým způsobem rozbil. Při komerčním výrobě jogurtu protřepte mléko v pračce podobným nástrojem, abyste udrželi správnou konzistenci. Tento proces mění mikroskopickou strukturu mléka dělením velkých tukových rolí v mléce na malé kousky. Každá vrstva pokrývá vrstvu mléčných bílkovin. Když se mléko začíná řezat, tyto bílkoviny se vzájemně drží, aby zajistily rovnoměrné rozložení tuku v jogurtu a aby byly v dobré konzistenci.

Stupeň vytápění a doba trvání
Poté se zvýší teplota a v mléce se zabijí škodlivé bakterie. Zahřívání také zahajuje proces vytváření struktury molekulární sítě rozpuštěním bílkovin.

Stupeň a trvání zahřívání mléka určuje chuť jogurtu. V komerční výrobě jogurtu se mléko obvykle zahřívá na teplotu 85 stupňů po dobu 30 minut nebo na 90 až 95 stupňů po dobu 5 minut. Podle společnosti, která vyvíjí elektrický spotřebič pro domácí jogurt, je jogurt vyrobený z mléka ohřátého na teplotu nižší než 76 stupňů neslušný a mírně kyselá chuť, zatímco mléko, které je drženo po dobu 10 minut při 90 stupních, je těžší a méně kyselé.

Když se zahřáté mléko udržuje na teplotě těla (37 stupňů), hlavní část výroby jogurtu se vede k fermentačnímu procesu. Při této teplotě začínají růst dvě nejběžnější bakterie v jogurtu, lactobacillus bulgaricus a Streptococcus thermophilus. Vynášejí cukr v mléce, tj. Užívají laktózu a převádějí ji na kyselinu mléčnou. Jak se kyselina v mléce zvyšuje, hodnota pH klesá.

Co se stane, když se kyselina stane?
Proteinové mléko rozpozná tuto změnu. Dosavadní stav techniky jsou bílkoviny přilepeny k hromadě kolem tukových ložisek nebo v klastrech stabilizovaných solí fosforečnanu vápenatého. Snižováním rovnováhy pH se však tato sůl rozpouští a proteinové hrudky se začínají rozpouštět. Uvolněné proteiny vytvářejí síť tím, že se pevně drží. K této síti jsou připojeny vodní a olejové válečky. Mléko se nyní změnilo na jogurt.

Když je fermentační proces přerušován hnětením, produkt je ve formě gelu. Napuštěné jogurty se získávají oddělením dalšího stupně. Zde se míchá jogurt, voda, cukr a bílkoviny se rozkládají. Tím se získává krémová konzistence. Nicméně mnoho věcí, od zahřívání mléka až po množství bílkovin, které obsahuje, a bez toho, aby to ovlivnilo, působí na konečnou konzistenci.

Výrobci jogurtu a vědci v potravinářství studovali a zkoušeli dosud mnohé formy konzistence. K provedení těchto měření se používají různé přístroje.

Ve výrobním procesu je možné vidět shluky bílkovin v mikroskopu, které se používají k pečlivému prozkoumání struktury jogurtu, bakterií, které jsou připojeny k tkanivům, tukových zrn a dalších prvků v citlivé chemické struktuře, která činí jogurt s pomocí fluorescence.

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