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Katere so vrste vodikove gorivne celice?

Vrste gorivnih celic

 

Odvisno od elektrolita uporabo vrste, gorivne celice lahko razdelimo na več vrst.

 

1. alkalne gorivne celice (AFC)

 

Ta gorivnih celic se kot elektrolit v KOH. Zmanjšanje kisika v alkalni elektrolitov je hitrejši od kinetike kisline elektrolitov in uporaba elektro-kovinskih katalizatorjev omogoča ekonomično AFC. Vendar pa ne omogoča prisotnost kislih nečistot, na primer CO2 v okolje zaradi stopnje emisij.

 

Sistemov za alkalije zelo dobro delo pri sobni temperaturi in imajo najvišjo učinkovitost napetosti med vse druge sisteme goriva. Poleg tega AFC ima dolge življenjske dobe, kot to lahko prilagodite tudi z veliko materialov.

 

AFC so zanesljive sisteme in so sposobni doseči relativno visoko moč v majhni količini. Gostota moči razlikujejo med 100-200 mW/cm ². Stroški so poskušali bodo dostavljena 50/100 $/kw, prometnega sektorja.

 

2. fosforne kisline gorivne celice (PAFC)

 

V to gorivo celici kjer fosforna kislina se uporablja v elektrolitsko, relativno čista goriva (kot so zemeljski plin, utekočinjeni naftni plin) ali plina iz prezračevalnik očistijo. Osredotoča se na dveh vlogah, ki so bliže trgu. To so elektrarne in cogenaration enote. Je treba uporabiti kovinske elektro katalizator soje v PAFC. Kljub to pomanjkljivost, fosforne kisline zagotavlja odlično toplotno, kemičnih in elektrokemičnih stabilnost kot elektrolit. Poleg tega Pafcs so zelo ugodna za izrabo odpadne toplote.

 

PAFC sistemi so najbolj razvitih sistemov v aplikacijah na zemlji. Uporabljajo se predvsem za proizvodnjo električne energije v krajih, kot so apartmaji, centrih, itd. Pafcs so na voljo na tržišču v obliki 24 V električni generator, od 250 W 200 KW. Investicijskim stroškom je $287/kw v 200 KW PKC sistem, ki uporablja plin kot gorivo.

 

Pafcs lahko najbolje delujejo na ravni osnovnih izhod. S hibridni sistem, opravlja bolje če zahteva visoke zmogljivosti, zahteva pospešek srečal z drugimi orodji. Najlepših aplikacije PAFCS bo težka vozila ali lokomotive.

 

3. trdna oksida gorivnih celic (SOFC)

 

SOFCs so trda goriva baterije. Večino materialov celice je sestavljena iz posebne keramike in niklja. Temperatura je okoli 1000 ° C. Kot gorivo v kombinaciji z CO, vodik se uporablja in kot reakcijski produkt, vodna para in CO2 nastajajo.

 

SOFC so kraji, kjer električne energije in toplote se lahko uporabijo kot soproizvodnjo enote A parne turbine kombinirati s paro pridobiti tudi s 1000 ° C. Tako lahko dosežejo učinkovitost celotnega sistema za 50-55 %. trenutno izračunano investicijski stroški so $1500/KW.

 

4. proton zamenjavo membranski gorivne celice (PEMFC)

 

"Pemfc" je izumil General Electric v začetku leta 1960. To se imenuje trdni polimer elektrolitskih gorivne celice. V ta tip gorivnih celic, membrane se lahko uporabijo prenesti protonov (vodikovih ionov).

 

PEM gorivne celice je sestavljena iz trdnih elektrolitov s protoni, kot so perphorlu žveplove kisline polimerov, stisnjene med dva elektrona, prevlečeno s platino. To ustvari stolpec plina med elektrolitov anode in katode, ki omogoča prevoz pravilno vodikovih ionov v anodo katode. Polimernih elektrolitov sestavljajo plinsko difuzijo vodov najdemo v plinom elektrode. Hkrati, te poti so tudi nalogo zbiranja električnega toka. Obratovalne temperature na pems je pri zelo nizkih temperaturah, kot so 80-90 ° C, in delovanja pritiskov med 1-8 atm pritiskov. Te vrste gorivnih celic lahko obdelujete vodika in kisika po stopnji vlage.

 

PEMs so visoko moč gostoto 350 mW/cm ² in so trenutno na voljo na tržišču v območju 100-500 W moči. Investicijski stroški so tudi gibala od 5000-13000. Z upada v membrano in katalizator stroškov in v primeru serijsko proizvodnjo, teh stroškov bo 10-20 krat navzdol.

 

Velika moč svetilnosti, hitro in hitro starter in spremenljivo moč v skladu s PEMs, ki so na voljo na področju prevoza.

 

5. taline gazirane gorivne celice (MCFC)

 

Na MCFC deluje pri temperaturi 600-650 ° C in je ena od druge generacije goriva baterije nedavno. V Anotta CO2, izdelek plina, bogatega in H2O je iz proizvodnje in CO2 pošlje se pomeša z zrakom, ki vstopa v Catota.

 

Zaradi visoke obratovalne temperature na MCFC, ga lahko uporabijo za dragocene odpadne toplote, postopek temperaturo in cogenaration namene. Njene najpomembnejše prednosti se neposredno uporabljajo v celici v komori anode za pretvorbo svoje odpadne toplote iz desulfurization v Hydrojene. Usmerjenimi naložbami stroški za MCFC je na ravni $1000/KW.

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