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Apakah jenis-jenis sel bahan bakar hidrogen?

Jenis sel bahan bakar

 

Tergantung pada elektrolit menggunakan jenis, sel bahan bakar dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa varietas.

 

1. alkali sel bahan bakar (AFC)

 

Sel bahan bakar ini digunakan sebagai elektrolit Koh. Pengurangan oksigen alkali elektrolit lebih cepat daripada kinetika asam elektrolit dan penggunaan non-logam electro katalis membuat AFC ekonomis. Namun, itu tidak memungkinkan adanya asam kotoran seperti CO2 dalam lingkungan karena tingkat emisi.

 

Alkali sistem bekerja dengan baik pada suhu kamar dan memiliki efisiensi tegangan tertinggi di antara semua sistem bahan bakar lainnya. Selain itu, AFC memiliki kehidupan yang panjang operasi, karena hal tersebut bisa beradaptasi dengan banyak bahan.

 

AFC sistem handal dan mampu mencapai daya relatif tinggi volume kecil. Kepadatan kekuatan bervariasi antara 100-200 mW/cm ². Biaya mencoba diserahkan kepada /kw $ 50/100 untuk sektor transportasi.

 

2. asam fosfat fuel cell (PAFC)

 

Ini bahan bakar sel dimana asam fosfat digunakan dalam electrolytically, bahan bakar bersih relatif (seperti gas alam, LPG) atau gas dari aerator dibersihkan. Ini berfokus pada dua aplikasi terdekat ke pasar. Ini adalah pembangkit listrik dan unit cogenaration. Hal ini diperlukan untuk menggunakan katalis logam electro kedelai di PAFC. Meskipun kerugian ini, asam fosfat menyediakan stabilitas termal, kimia dan elektrokimia yang sangat baik sebagai elektrolit. Selain itu, Pafcs sangat menguntungkan bagi pemanfaatan limbah panas.

 

Sistem PAFC adalah sistem yang paling maju di aplikasi yang di bumi. Mereka sebagian besar digunakan untuk menghasilkan listrik di tempat-tempat seperti apartemen, mal, dll. PAFCs secara komersial tersedia dalam bentuk 24 V generator listrik, dari 250 W-200 KW. Biaya investasi adalah $287/kw dalam 200 KW PKC sistem yang menggunakan gas sebagai bahan bakar.

 

PAFCs dapat bekerja dengan baik pada tingkat output tetap. Dengan sistem hibrida, melakukan lebih baik jika persyaratan daya tinggi yang diperlukan oleh percepatan bertemu dengan alat-alat lain. Aplikasi yang paling indah dari PAFCS akan tugas berat kendaraan atau lokomotif.

 

3. solid oksida sel bahan bakar (MCFC)

 

SOFCs adalah bahan bakar padat baterai. Sebagian besar bahan sel terdiri dari keramik khusus dan nikel. Suhu operasi adalah sekitar 1000 º C. Sebagai bahan bakar dikombinasikan dengan CO, hidrogen digunakan dan sebagai produk reaksi, uap air dan CO2 yang muncul.

 

MCFC adalah tempat di mana baik listrik dan panas dapat digunakan sebagai sebuah turbin uap unit. A Kogenerasi dapat dikombinasikan dengan uap yang akan diperoleh bahkan dengan 1000 º C. Dengan demikian, keseluruhan sistem efisiensi dapat mencapai hingga 50-55%. biaya investasi saat ini dihitung adalah $1500 KW.

 

4. proton penggantian membran fuel cell (PEMFC)

 

"Pemfc" diciptakan oleh General Electric pada awal 1960-an. Ini disebut sebagai sel bahan bakar elektrolit padat polimer. Dalam jenis sel bahan bakar, selaput dapat digunakan untuk lulus proton (ion hidrogen).

 

Sel bahan bakar PEM terdiri dari sebuah elektrolit padat dengan proton, seperti perphorlu polimer asam sulfat, ditekan antara dua elektron yang dilapisi dengan platinum. Ini menciptakan sebuah kolom gas antara elektrolit anoda dan katoda, memungkinkan transportasi ion hidrogen benar dalam anoda katoda. Polimer elektrolit terdiri dari saluran-saluran difusi gas yang ditemukan dalam gas elektroda. Pada saat yang sama, saluran ini juga tugas mengumpulkan arus listrik. Suhu operasi pems pada suhu yang sangat rendah, seperti 80-90 º C, dan tekanan operasi antara 1-8 atm tekanan. Jenis sel bahan bakar dapat bekerja dengan hidrogen dan oksigen pada tingkat kelembaban tertentu.

 

PEMs memiliki kepadatan tinggi daya 350 mW/cm ² dan saat ini secara komersial tersedia dalam kisaran 100-500 W kekuasaan. Biaya investasi juga berkisar dari 5000-13000. Dengan penurunan biaya membran dan katalis dan dalam hal produksi seri, biaya-biaya tersebut akan 10-20 kali lipat ke bawah.

 

Intensitas tinggi daya, cepat dan cepat starter dan kekuatan variabel output sesuai dengan PEMs yang tersedia di daerah transportasi.

 

5. meleleh berkarbonasi fuel cell (MCFC)

 

MCFC beroperasi pada suhu 600-650 º C dan merupakan salah satu generasi kedua bahan bakar baterai dikembangkan. Anotta CO2, kaya gas produk dan H2O produksi disediakan, dan CO2 dikirim ke dicampur dengan udara yang masuk Catota.

 

Karena operasi suhu tinggi MCFC, itu dapat digunakan untuk berharga panas limbah, proses suhu dan cogenaration tujuan. Paling penting keuntungan langsung digunakan dalam sel di ruang anoda untuk konversi sendiri limbah panas dari desulfurization ke Hydrojene. Biaya investasi yang ditargetkan untuk MCFC adalah pada tingkat $1000/KW.

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