Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642), the Italian scientist, co-founder of Modern Physics and telescope astronomer. He was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. Galilei, the son of Vincenzo Galilei, a prominent musician of the period, took his first education in Florence. In 1581, he studied medicine at the University of Pisa but left school for lack of money. Galilei, who has been interested in mathematics since 1583, obtained a professorship at 1589 in Pisa for his studies on mathematics.
Believing that the pendulum, floating bodies, and the movement should be considered mathematically in a different way than Aristotle's physics, Galilei has clearly demonstrated Aristotle's mistake by lowering weight from the Pisa tower. This behavior led to a disagreement with old professors. He left Pisa in 1592 and came to the mathematics department of Padova University.
Galileo has commercially released the compass, which is very useful in practice in 1597. Shortly after the year 1600, a primitive thermometer discovered the mathematical laws of a pendulum and free fall in 1604 to be used in the measurement of the human heartbeat. But the concept of proper acceleration motion was wrong. In 1609, he learned that the telescope was invented in Holland. He used a further tool to do it in astronomy observations. 1610 ′ in the Moon, the mountains, star clusters and the Milky Way on the first identified. Meanwhile, he reported the existence of four moons of Jupiter. This book has aroused a lot of interest and made it a palace mathematician in Florence. Shortly thereafter, the planet Venus discussed the Ptolemy (Batlamyus) system in astronomy, while giving information about the circuitry and shape of Saturn.
He went to Rome in 1611 and was elected a member of the Academy of Science there. Upon his return to Florence, he published his book on Hydrostatics, which led to the appeal of many professors and wrote on the sunspots in 1613. In this work, he openly defended the Copernican system. Therefore, the priests suffered a heavy attack. In 1615, he himself went to Rome and defended his claim. However, in 1616, a commission was established by the Pope's fifth Paul to examine his books. This Commission has not banned Galileo's books. He just wanted to give up the claim that the world has returned.
Galilei, for a while, turned to the practical direction of science, developed the microscope. In 1618, however, he entered the debate with the church, with three comets being seen. He published his work "Speeches on two universes system", which he wrote with courage from the election of Pope as the eighth Urban of his friend. However, he was called to court in Rome, despite rumors that he had contradicted the book earlier. In 1633, this book was banned and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. The eyes of Galilei, imprisoned at the age of seventy, were blinded and died in 1642 in prison.