Archimedes was a Sicilian-born Greek mathematician, physicist, astronomer, philosopher, and engineer who lived between 287-212 B.C. The lifting force of water allegedly found in a bath is the most well-known contribution to science, but the father of the integral calculation according to many mathematical historians is Archimedes.
When the Roman general Marcellus besieged Sirakuza, he was forced to take the city because of the weapons an engineer named Archimedes had made. Most of them were mechanical mechanisms and were designed to inspire some scientific rules. For example, with the help of rollers, the very heavy stones were dug up to the bushes and flung away with catapults. It is also rumored that Archimedes burned the Roman navy by using mirrors. However, in 212 B.C., the Romans seized the Sirakuza and killed Archimedes along with the other advanced arrivals of the city. He said, meanwhile, Archimedes was thinking about solving a problem he drew on earth, and he told a Roman soldier who approached him to walk away and leave him alone; But the soldier killed him immediately, ignoring Archimedes. The Roman general has been very upset by the murder of this very talented scientist, where history is a rare breed.
Archimedes is both a physicist, a mathematician and a philosopher. He was found in Alexandria for a while in his youth, where he became friends with Eratosthenes, and then he got letters with him. Inventions made in the mechanical field of Archimedes include compound rollers, infinite screws, hydraulic screws and burning mirrors. He has left many works in the Geometry field of mathematics, which contributes to the static and hydrostatic areas of physics.
One of the most important contributions to the geometry is that it proves that the surface of a sphere is equal to 4ΠR2 and its volume is 4/3 πr3. It has shown that pi's value is between 3 L/7 and 3 10/71, proving that the area of an apartment is equal to the circumference of this circle and its height equal to the radius of the triangle.
One of Archimedes ' brightest mathematical achievements is the development of some methods to find areas of curved surfaces. A parabola cut the cutting rectangle, while the infinite little one approached the account. The infinite little account is able to add a small piece of the smallest part that can be conceived in a field mathematically. This account has a very large date value. He subsequently formed the basis for the development of modern mathematics and formed a good basis for the differential and integral calculus found by Newton and Leibniz.
Archimedes has proved that the space of a parabola cut by the method of quartile is equal to 4/3 of the field of a triangle with the same base and height, in his book, which is the quadruentation of Parabolin.
The scientist who reveals the principles of equilibrium for the first time is Archimedes. Some of these principles include:
Equal weights are balanced in equal arms.
Unequal weights remain in balance when the following condition is met in unequal arms: F1 · A = F2 · b
Based on his work, he said, "Give me a foothold, I'll move the earth."
Archimedes has also found the law on the balance of fluids recognized by its own name. It is said that one day, the King II Hieron was suspected of mixing silver into the gold crown that the jeweler had made, and the solution of this problem was transferred to Archibiet. Although he had a lot of thought, Archimedes, who couldn't figure out the problem, went to a bath to bathe, felt his weight decreased while in the bathtub, and said, "I found it," he jumped out of the bath. I wonder what Archişet found. An object submerged in water would lose weight as much as the weight of the water it was carrying, and the water that was given to the Crown was compared with the water that the Crown had stoned and the problem could be solved.
Before Archimedes ' research, it was known that the throne swam but the iron sank; But the reason for that was not explained. Archimedes ' Law has shown that there is no place for coincidences in nature, that the same results will always be achieved in the same conditions. Archimedes, 23 centuries ago, found a very close understanding of the modern scientific approach, the static and hydrostatic laws that apply today, and they have earned the right to become one of the three greatest heroes in the history of science.
Arshimede's Defense of Syracuse
In 216 BC, Archimedes had exceeded 70 years, saying that Siracusa king Hieron was dead, one of his relatives. At the end of the second Pön War, the city was defeated and Carthage agreed to unite. On top of that, the Romans sent Claudius Marcellus, one of its famous Consul's, to Siracusa with an army.
Old Archimedes, who had never been involved in the politics of his work, gave himself a quiet and calm life. But the countrymen, who admired his wisdom and intelligence, wished to help him defend the city. Archimedes has agreed to this call by not wanting.
The Romans did not delay learning his creative abilities as an inventor and an engineer. One day, a Roman warship, which was lured to the city walls on the shore, suddenly encountered a giant, monstrous pliers. The tool that came out of the back of the walls smashed it in between his jaws as he grabbed the ship from the bow. The working principles of this tool, which operate with the help of levers and rotary pulleys, were revealed by Archimedes. Thus, a leverage mechanism was carried out as a principle of time.
Meanwhile, the giant catapults placed behind the walls were heavy arrows and stones on the enemy. The mast of the vessels with holes in the deck and the pipe are crumbling, falling on the ship, the enemy suffered heavy losses.
It is said that Archimedes reflected the sun's rays on the enemy through a large mirror and set the ships on fire. But this story, which is very difficult to believe, is perhaps nothing more than a myth.
However, the machines that Archimedes invented were the eyes of the Romans that had been so long, when they saw a rope or a wand on the walls, they were screaming and running away. Claudius Marcellus understood that his own engineers could not cope with his enemy, whether he admired it or not. "Why fight with this math giant? He sits on the shore and destroys our fleet as he makes fun of us! "he said, and Siracuza has taken a full blockade.