Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21 October 1833, Stockholm, Sweden – 10 December 1896, San Remo, Italy), Swedish chemist and engineer, inventor of dynamite.
He searched the way to use nitroglycerin as an explosive substance. In 1863 he started to make a small amount of nitroglycerin in Stockholm. At the end of a few months of research, the lab collapsed with an explosion. Continuing his work, Alfred Nobel founded a new factory in 1865, and after a while, he opened his second factory. In 1864 he took the results of his research and found the dynamite powder. Continuing his research, Nobel has designed a new kind of gunpowder called Balistit in 1877. In 1879, the Nobel founded a laboratory in the near Paris, where he found the repellent gunpowder, which was called smokeless gunpowder during his studies, consisting of nitrocellulose mixture of nitroglycerine in equal quantities.
A few years later, he filed a lawsuit against the British government on an explosive substance called kordit, but he lost the case. In an alliance against France during this period, Nobel co-operated with Italy, leaving Paris as a result of the campaigns against Italy, moved to San Remo, where he moved his laboratory.
Nobel died of cerebral hemorrhage in San Remo in 1896. In his will, he wanted his inheritance to be used in the direction of the Nobel prizes and the 33.2 million crowns to be presented to the service of humanity every year.
These awards would be awarded in a total of five branches, including physics, chemistry, medicine or physiology, literature and peace. The Nobel will have made a big debate before this testament. However, in 1900, the Nobel Prize in the Swedish government founded the Nobel Foundation, which was given regularly. Later in 1968, the Swedish bank decided to give an economic prize in memory of Alfred Nobel, and the award was first awarded in 1969.
Nobelium, a synthetic element, was named in his memory.