The microscope is an optical instrument that allows the image to be examined by a few lenses with the help of small objects that are not visible to the naked eye. Firstly, as the name suggests, the examination of microbes is actually a major service in the field of industry, metallurgy, genetics, geology, archaeology, and criminology.
Who Invented the microscope?
Microscopy is acknowledged that the Dutch Zacharias Janssen first created a telescope in the year 1590. But at this time, other Dutch, German, English and Italian scholars also realized that a reversed telescope could be used to enlarge the objects. The famous Italian scholar Galilei Galileo (1564-1642) Two lenses, released by the pope, provided that the world has been turned around the sun, which is subjected to the Inquisition and has abandoned the world in the solar etrâf. He had a few experience using it. The main principles of today's microscope were found in the 17th century Dutch Auton van Leeuwenhoek and British Robert Hook.
Special Microscopes
Stereoscopic Microscopes:
Stereoscopic microscopes were made to provide three-dimensional images of the bodies. The two microscopes are made from mounting on top of a tripod in the form of an optical system. These microscopes are suitable for biology laboratories.
Metallurgical microscope:
A strong light source has been added to the microscope because the mineral parts do not pass the light. The light from the source is examined by the reflection of the light reflected in the lens.
Electron microscope:
The image can be enlarged several million times using electrons to obtain images in electron microscopy. So much magnification is that the wave height of the electron is a few thousand times smaller than the wavelength of light. The electron microscope is also used in scientific research to examine very small objects such as atoms and viruses.
Field-emission microscope:
Field emission microscopes are used to examine the crystal structures from the surface images of Metal or semiconductors. A very new technique, which separates these microscopes from electron and optical microscopes, is an electron or ion breakout (emission) event from the object instead of passing light or photon from the body. Emissions are provided by the electric field. The electrodes from the metal to be examined fall on a screen similar to the TV tube, leaving traces according to the crystalline structure. This image of the crystal structure can also be photographed. The electron microscope has a magnification feature. The image is very crisp and detailed.
Polarization microscope:
It is an optical microscope equipped with two Nicol prisms or two polar primers with a rotary table. The polarization Nicol placed beneath the plate sends polarized light on the object; The analyst Nicol is placed slightly above the lens. When these two prisms meet, the microscope field appears dark, except for the substances with a certain speed force or the areas where the double-fragile substances are found.
Opposite phase microscope:
This microscope enables the emergence of small variations in the refractive indices of the objects examined. An optical setup that Zernike finds is useful for finding very small phase variations of vibrations from the object to be examined; For this, a ring-shaped diaphragm into the consideration and the back of the lens is placed in a slide that makes a phase difference. The phase changes in the body appear as light variations in the image, but even the optical thickness differences of up to 30-40 Angström can be easily found. This microscope is used by biologists to examine live organisms.