Milling is a process that occurs when the cutting movement rotates around the tool itself and makes the track moving forward. Milling occurs with the help of teeth around the tool. Milling is divided into environmental and forehead in terms of machining method. In the peripheral milling, the chip is removed by the teeth around the tool and the forehead milling of the teeth on the surface of the tool. The cutters are referred to by the shaft that the team is connected to. The milling position is horizontal mills; horizontal milling, vertical one; It's called a vertical milling machine. In addition, both horizontal and vertical working mills are called universal countertops.
Milling tools can be tipped from solid and rigid metal made of speed steel. When monolithic tools cannot be changed, end mills can be replaced. The number of teeth in an important issue in milling. The number of teeth is selected according to the material. In soft materials, large chips are removed and the number of teeth should be greater than the gap between the teeth. In hard materials, the number of teeth and the gap between the teeth should be less.
Milling Machine Types
If there are many milling machines in various types and sizes, most of them are similar. Columns and consoles are mostly used in schools and industry workshops. The reason is that the spindle is placed in a column.
It is correct to examine the milling machines in four groups according to their structure:
1. Column and console type milling machine
• Horizontal Milling Machine
• Vertical Milling Machine
• Universal Milling Machine
2. Manufacturing and body type milling machines
3. Planning Type Milling Machines
4. Special Milling Machines
• Copy Milling Machines
• Electronic and hydraulic controlled milling machines
Column and console type milling machines
A. Horizontal Milling machine:
It is parallel to the Malaya National yacht where the milling cutters are fitted. These are the machines that are suitable for mass production as well as the construction of individual machining parts. The counter table is manually or automatically advanced. The table is moved to the left and right. The movement obtained from the electric motor is transmitted to the MALAFA shaft through the speed box and the various cycles are performed. Large-built machines also have an electric motor for comfortable movement of the table.
B. Vertical Milling Machine:
In these machines, the head and position of the milling knife are fitted to the bed. It is also possible to make angled machining machines that can rotate the head at various angles. All operations in the horizontal and vertical position can be performed with the rotation of the header. The table is moved as it is on the horizontal cutter. Brass expanded the area of use of bronze.
C. Universal Milling Machine:
This bench is a combination of both horizontal and vertical milling machines.
Manual or automatic movement of the plate can be provided. Angled divisions are made to comfortably supply the oblique position of the plate.
Manufacturing and body type milling machines
It is used only in factories that manufacture series. The counter has a fixed table support or body. The table can move back and forth horizontally. The spindle is connected to a car in a special box format. The adjustment of the milling knife inside or outside is ensured by the movement of the spindle. Once the bench is prepared, the process is partially or automatically done. After that, preparations are made, such as connecting and dismantling the workpiece only.
Planer Type Milling Machines
This type of milling machine is used for the most heavy-duty jobs. This is similar to a degree planing machine. But there are milling machine heads attached to the horizontal and lateral columns. It is also used on large or fairly long internal parts to implement many operations at the same time.
Special Milling Machines
A. Copy Milling machine:
Milling cutter on copy milling machines, a template or gauge mold with a specially crafted PIM, with the help of hydraulic power monitoring. Regular and strong progress on replica stalls, infinite adjustment can only be provided with hydraulic power. In the industry, the copy stalls are used to function identically to a number of workpieces in a specific profile. It is suitable for mold making with a sewing machine, gun and various machine parts and mold parts.
B. Electronic and hydraulic operated milling machines:
In these machines where gear systems are largely lifted, the control is carried out electronically and hydraulically. Operating systems are fully hydraulically equipped
Types of Milling Knives:
1. Milling Knives by format
• Shank Cutters
Finger Mills:
Cylindrical mills with finger mills. The finger mills are used to handle the wedge ducts, various channels, corner curves, holes in any form, and similar operations.
T Mills:
The cutters are also shank-dependent. Machine tables, rotary table etc. are used in the opening of the T channels located in the places. Incisor-cut teeth are found in the area alone, or in both the environment and two percent. It is seen that the teeth on both foreheads are not mutually assured. This is how teeth are disposed of, making the tooth easier to know. There are also T mills for opening the wedge ducts.
• Cutters without handles
Module Cutters:
Threaded impeller profiles are standard with module cutters. It is normalized according to tooth size and has 8 mills in each. They are numbered up to 1-8, which is written on the gear wheel angle of each number.
Format (profile) Mills:
They are used for processing profiles in various formats. They are made as concave or convex. There are many different forms. The outer surface of the friction is too much during chip removal. Therefore they are forced to do so. To reduce the amount of chip the profile Mills will remove, the surface to be machined can be emptied by the channel cutters and the brand.
2. Introduction of milling Knives according to the construction of the teeth
Insert Gear Cutters:
To reduce the cost, it is made with the insertion of inserts made of steel or hard mines, on a body of tool steel or cast steel. Inserts are fixed on some mills and interchangeable. The lack of high cost of the mounting gear cutters is a great advantage because it is cheaper to replace the damaged or broken ends with the new one. The installation of large milling cutters is particularly desirable.
Eccentric Lathe Milling Knives:
This type of milling cutters used for the machining of profile surfaces is emptied on the special lathes. They are sharpened by sawdust to prevent the profile from being corrupted. Because, with sharpening, the formatting of the teeth is very difficult or even impossible. The chip angles of this type of cutters are zero degrees so that the profile dimensions do not change. The orientation of the chip surface passes through the milling axis. The previously visible module and profile cutters are these types of knives.
Sharp-toothed cutter Knives:
The ridges of the pointed gear cutters are flat and the sharpening is done in the back of the teeth. Because of the easy forming of such teeth, milling cutters are usually made of pointed gears. Cylindrical, forehead, finger, duct, angle and T mills are pointed gears before they are seen.