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Quem é Arquimedes?

Arquimedes era um matemático grego, físico, astrônomo, filósofo e engenheiro da Sicília que vivia entre 287-212 a.c. A força de levantamento da água alegada encontrada em um banho é a contribuição a mais well-known à ciência, mas o pai do cálculo integral de acordo com muitos historians matemáticos é Arquimedes.

 

Quando o general romano Marcellus cercou Sirakuza, ele foi forçado a tomar a cidade por causa das armas que um engenheiro chamado Arquimedes tinha feito. A maioria deles eram mecanismos mecânicos e foram projetados para inspirar algumas regras científicas. Por exemplo, com a ajuda de rolos, as pedras muito pesadas foram escavadas até os arbustos e arremessado afastado com catapultas. Também é rumores de que Arquimedes queimou a Marinha romana usando espelhos. No entanto, em 212 a.c., os romanos apreenderam o Sirakuza e mataram Arquimedes junto com as outras chegadas avançadas da cidade. Ele disse, enquanto isso, Arquimedes estava pensando em resolver um problema que ele desenhou na terra, e ele disse a um soldado romano que se aproximou dele para ir embora e deixá-lo sozinho; Mas o soldado o matou imediatamente, ignorando Arquimedes. O general romano tem estado muito chateado com o assassínio deste cientista muito talentoso, onde a história é uma raça rara.

 

Arquimedes é um físico, um matemático e um filósofo. Ele foi encontrado em Alexandria por um tempo em sua juventude, onde ele se tornou amigo de Eratóstenes, e então ele recebeu cartas com ele. As invenções feitas no campo mecânico de Arquimedes incluem rolos compostos, parafusos infinitos, parafusos hidráulicos e espelhos em chamas. Deixou muitos trabalhos no campo da geometria da matemática, que contribui às áreas estáticas e hidrostáticas da física.

 

Uma das contribuições mais importantes para a geometria é que ele prova que a superfície de uma esfera é igual a 4ΠR2 e seu volume é 4/3 πr3. Demonstrou que o valor de PI está entre 3 L/7 e 3 10/71, provando que a área de um apartamento é igual à circunferência deste círculo e sua altura igual ao raio do triângulo.

 

Uma das mais brilhantes realizações matemáticas de Arquimedes é o desenvolvimento de alguns métodos para encontrar áreas de superfícies curvas. Uma parábola cortar o retângulo de corte, enquanto o infinita pouco se aproximou da conta. A conta pouco infinita é capaz de adicionar um pequeno pedaço da menor parte que pode ser concebida em um campo matematicamente. Essa conta tem um valor de data muito grande. Ele posteriormente formou a base para o desenvolvimento da matemática moderna e formou uma boa base para o cálculo diferencial e integral encontrado por Newton e Leibniz.

 

Arquimedes provou que o espaço de uma parábola cortada pelo método de quarte é igual a 4/3 do campo de um triângulo com a mesma base e altura, em seu livro, que é o quadruentation de parabólica.

 

O cientista que revela os princípios de equilíbrio pela primeira vez é Arquimedes. Alguns destes princípios incluem:

 

Pesos iguais são equilibrados em braços iguais.

Pesos desiguais permanecem em equilíbrio quando a seguinte condição é atendida em braços desiguais: F1 · A = F2 · b

Com base em seu trabalho, ele disse, "Dê-me uma posição, eu vou mover a terra."

 

Arquimedes também encontrou a lei sobre o equilíbrio de fluidos reconhecidos por seu próprio nome. Diz-se que um dia, o rei II Hieron foi suspeito de mistura de prata na coroa de ouro que o joalheiro tinha feito, ea solução deste problema foi transferido para Archibiet. Embora ele tivesse um monte de pensamento, Arquimedes, que não conseguia descobrir o problema, foi para um banho de banho, sentiu o seu peso diminuiu enquanto na banheira, e disse: "Eu encontrei", ele pulou para fora do banho. Eu me pergunto o que Archişet encontrou. Um objeto submergido na água perderia peso tanto quanto o peso da água que estava carregando, e a água que foi dada à coroa foi comparada com a água que a coroa tinha apedrejado e o problema poderia ser resolvido.

 

Antes da pesquisa de Arquimedes, era sabido que o trono nadou, mas o ferro afundou; Mas a razão para isso não foi explicado. A lei de Arquimedes demonstrou que não há lugar para coincidências na natureza, que os mesmos resultados sempre serão alcançados nas mesmas condições. Arquimedes, 23 séculos atrás, encontrou uma compreensão muito próxima da abordagem científica moderna, as leis estática e hidrostática que se aplicam hoje, e eles ganharam o direito de se tornar um dos três maiores heróis na história da ciência.


 

Defesa de Arshimedes de Syracuse

 

Em 216 a.c., Arquimedes excedeu 70 anos, dizendo que Siracusa rei Hieron estava morto, um de seus parentes. No final da segunda guerra Pön, a cidade foi derrotada e Carthage concordou em se unir. Além disso, os romanos enviaram Cláudio Marcellus, um dos seus famosos cônsules, para Siracusa com um exército.

 

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