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Hovercraft: veicolo senza frontiere

Uno dei disegni più interessanti nella tecnologia dei trasporti, hovercraft è un candidato per il futuro. Galleggiante sopra la terra, questa macchina straordinaria, volando sulla terra e sul mare, a causa della capacità di raggiungere gli angoli più lontani del mondo senza confini geografici.

 

Il principio di funzionamento di hovercraft è che il veicolo si muove su un airbag. L'aria compressa più alta della normale pressione dell'aria viene spruzzata verso la base dai motori e il veicolo viene tagliato a terra. Così il veicolo si muove leggermente sopra la terra. Oltre al movimento verticale, il movimento in avanti del veicolo è fornito da motori a elica posizionati perpendicolarmente al pavimento. La manovrabilità viene anche restituita attorno al proprio asse ed è provvista di alette sul lato posteriore del veicolo. La sezione inferiore è rivestita con un materiale flessibile chiamato gonna. In questo modo, l'airbag è tenuto a un certo punto e la fuga di aria è impedita.

 

L'idea di hovercraft è stato prima sagomato dallo scienziato svedese Emanuel Swendenborg nel 1700. Il swendenborg ha sostenuto che il veicolo potrebbe rimanere sull'acqua se l'aria fosse stata premuta adeguatamente sotto una barca invertita. Ma il livello tecnologico del periodo è stato molto arretrato in termini di attuazione di questo progetto. Gli studi più seri sono stati condotti dall'assistente tecnico britannico Sir John Isaac Thornycraft nel 1870s. È noto che l'ingegnere britannico ha fatto alcuni esperimenti e brevettato l'idea. Anche se molti scienziati differenti hanno fatto i vari disegni, nessuno di loro è riuscito abbastanza per dimostrare la teoria. Ma l'inventore britannico AX Gall ha scoperto i primi prototipi di successo negli anni cinquanta, risolvendo tutte le questioni progettuali. A causa di questo successo, galletto, che è stato insignito del titolo di "Sir", è stato anche il primo hovercraft di successo ad essere nominato SR-N1 nel corso dell'anno 1959.

 

Oggi, vediamo che il gigante SR-N4 passeggero hovercraft da veicoli monoposto sono fabbricati in una vasta gamma di hovercraft. Dagli anni settanta, SR-N4 è stato uno dei veicoli più privilegiati della Francia-UK Travel, con un attraversamento estremamente veloce del mare. Questo veicolo enorme può facilmente raggiungere velocità fino a 90-100 chilometri all'ora, trasportando 450 passeggeri e 65 veicoli comodamente.

 

Questi veicoli, che sono utilizzati anche nelle zone militari, sono molto convenienti da usare per scopi di estrazione, così molti paesi stanno assumendo posizioni attive nelle forze navali. Questi veicoli, che non sono stati influenzati dalle miniere della terra e del mare, attivamente sono stati coinvolgere nella guerra di Golfo, poichè non hanno toccato il pavimento.

 

Il vantaggio principale di hovercraftin è che è veloce, ma non ha bisogno di alcuna strada o porto. Il consumo di carburante è molto basso perché non è esposto alla forza di attrito.

 

Nei primi anni sessanta, si pensava che Fast hovercraft potrebbe essere sfruttato in mari, deserti o aree coperte di ghiaccio. Ma in breve tempo, i problemi sono stati realizzati; Le parti frequenti e la manovrabilità dell'effetto acqua salata ha causato questo veicolo non essere esattamente quello che ci si aspettava. Ma grazie agli sviluppi tecnologici, questo progetto sarà ulteriormente migliorato.

 

È ora possibile dire che il sovracraft avrà un posto unico nel trasporto se sono purificati dalle loro debolezze e sviluppato in aree dove è buono.

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