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Carburante del futuro, che cosa è l'idrogeno?

Che cosa è l'idrogeno?

Contiene 3 isotopi chiamati idrogeno protonium, deuterio e trizio. Un atomo di idrogeno standard (protonium), che è il più elementare di tutti gli elementi, è costituito da un protone e un elettrone. L'idrogeno molecolare (H2) è costituito da 2 forme. Questi sono Ortho idrogeno e il para è idrogeno. In due casi Mostra le stesse proprietà chimiche, ma mostrano diverse proprietà fisiche a causa delle differenze orbitali. A temperatura ambiente, l'idrogeno è approssimativamente 75% orto-idrogeno e 25% del para-idrogeno. Para-aumenta la concentrazione perché l'idrogeno è più stabile a basse temperature. Teoricamente il liquido para-idrogeno raggiunge il 100% di idrogeno.

 

L'idrogeno è l'elemento più diffuso sulla terra. Considerando che le parti dell'acqua occupano più del 60% della superficie terrestre, la realtà sarà facilmente visibile. Tuttavia, l'idrogeno è molto raro in natura. Quindi è necessario fare un certo numero di procedure per ottenerlo.

 

Proprietà idrogetto

L'idrogeno è un vettore energetico ideale con alcune delle sue caratteristiche uniche:

 

• Può essere prodotto con alta efficienza utilizzando energia elettrica o utilizzato nella produzione di energia elettrica.

 

• Prodotto da idrocarburi e acqua. I processi di produzione di idrogeno (fotoelettrochimica o fotobiologica) da energia solare diretta sono ampiamente studiati.

 

• Può essere utilizzato efficacemente nella produzione di energia in molti modi, come combustione fiammeggiante, combustione catalitica, conversione elettrochimica e idruro.

 

• L'acqua è il prodotto finale nella produzione di energia idrogenata.

 

• Se prodotta da fonti rinnovabili, non vi sono emissioni per l'ambiente; Cioè, l'ambiente è amichevole (solo una quantità di NOx si verifica nella combustione di fiamma d'aria).

 

• Possono essere conservati in hydrig di gas, liquidi o metallici.

 

• È trasportato ad una distanza molto lunga con una conduttura o un autocisterna.

 

Proprietà fisiche di idrogetto

La densità dell'idrogeno secondo l'aria è 0, 07, ed è la maggior parte della memoria dei corpi. Di conseguenza, passa più velocemente delle pareti porose rispetto ad altri gas. Allo stesso modo, si perde da metalli come il ferro, platino e iridio. L'idrogeno è il gas più difficile da liquefare dopo l'elio. La temperatura di conversione-240 ° c, l'idrogeno sta bollendo alla pressione atmosferica a-253 ° c e solidifica a-259 ° c. È un bel conduttore di calore. È facilmente raffreddato da alcuni metalli, come il Palladio, che può risolvere più di mille volte il suo volume.

 

Proprietà chimiche di idrogetto

Non è molto efficace nel freddo tranne le relative forme idrogeno-attivate. Nel calore o con i catalizzatori, ci sono molte reazioni. Poiché è un elemento prezioso, trasporta una caratteristica elettropositivo molto distintiva. Si tratta di una riduzione di media forza, non per scaricare composti molto stabili come ossidi di metallo alcalino (Al2O3). Tuttavia, NIO, cuo, e così via, molti ossido di metallo riduttivo. In questo modo si ottengono i piccolissimi metalli utilizzati come catalizzatori.

 

È anche direttamente accoppiato con la maggior parte delle ametiste come l'idrogeno, alcali e metalli alcalini della terra. L'alogeno reagisce con tutti e quattro e dà il Hydrrasas. Da Flor a iodio, vi è una diminuzione della quantità di calore che si sta verificando sia a velocità di reazione e di esposizione. Combina ossigeno con un catalizzatore ad un grado rosso o a bassa temperatura, dando acqua. Brucia con una fiamma blu. Si combina con lo zolfo a 250 ° c, con un'alta pressione di azoto, combinata con un catalizzatore per garantire l'ammoniaca. Riduce al minimo gli ossidi di metalli preziosi come piombo e rame. Reagisce con gli ossidi dei metalli vicini ferrosi e ferri per reagire con reazioni reversibili. Inoltre, la riduzione del monossido di carbonio produce prodotti diversi (temperatura, pressione, catalizzatore) conformemente alle condizioni in cui viene eseguita la procedura.

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