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Qui a inventé le transistor?

Le transistor, qui est considéré comme l'un des invations les plus importants du XXe siècle et la lifeplood des circuits électroniques, a été trouvé en 1947. L'équipe composée de John Bardeen et Walter Brtain, headod par William Shockley dans les laboratoires de recherche de la plus grande compagnie de téléphone au monde, les organisations Bell, a reçu le prix Nobel en 1956, en raison de ces nouvelles groundaking invations dans Technologie, il était digne.

 

Bardeen et les Brattain tentaient de trouver une option contre les caps Thermionic utilisés dans l'acquisition, la strengusing et la projection de signaux radio et téléphoniques. Il devait y avoir un certain temps pour chauffer ces lampes qui étaient rapides à casser et coûteux. Et ils ont été confit beaucoup d'électricité.

 

L'équipe a fait le premier transistor à partir d'une mince couche de germanium. Deux jours avant Noël à 1947, ce transistor a été branché sur un circuit radio et Brattain a écrit les lignes suivantes dans son bloc-notes: «ce circuit fonctionne vraiment.» En raison du niveau sonore, une élévation notable a été achioed. "le transistor, tout comme la lampe, amplifia le signal sonore." Mais il était beaucoup plus petit en taille et avait besoin de moins d'énergie. Au début, presque personne ne vit qu'un minuscule dispositif pourrait remplacer ces grandes lampes. Mais Shockley et son équipe ont fait de grandes strades en quatre ans. En 1952, le transistor a été abaissé à un dixième des dimensions originales et a été beaucoup plus fort en 1957, avec 30 millions transistors produits par an. Les développements dans ce domaine sont toujours en cours.

 

Au lieu de la couche de germanium, les scientifiques ont commencé à utiliser des cristaux de pureté pure, qui pourrait résister à une intensité de chaleur beaucoup plus grande. Transistors ont été fabricant, ce qui peut transmettre le courant en aussi peu que 100 millions secondes. Grâce à ces calculatrices mobiles, des horloges numériques ont été réalisées. Les lampes des récepteurs radio et télévision ont également remplacé les transistors. Si ce n'est pas pour ces petits dispositifs impressionnants, il ne serait pas possible d'avoir des communications par satellite, vaisseau spatial et la conquête de la lune par l'homme.

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