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Kuka on Evangelista Torricelli? , keksintö barometri

Evangelista Torricelli syntyi 15 lokakuu 1608, Italian kaupungin Faenza, kuoli 5 lokakuu 1647 Firenzessä. Hän on kuuluisa italialainen fysiikan ja matematiikan tiede mies tunnetaan kokeiluja avoilman paine.

 

Hän kiinnitti huomiota lapsuudestaan uteliaisuuttaan matematiikasta. Vuonna 1627 hän meni Roomaan ja työskenteli Benedetto Castelli, perustaja hydrauliikka tieteen ja kysynnän Galilei. Hän aloitti kirjeen vaihdon Galilein kanssa vuonna 1641. Samana vuonna suosituksesta Castelli, Galileo pyysi Torricelli Toscanaan. Muutaman viikon kuluttua koko uksen Galileo, kun Galilei kuoli, hän siirtyi Torricelli, suuri herttua Toscanan, hänen toimistonsa. Vuonna 1644 hän julkaisi kirjan geometrian ja mekaniikka. Tässä kirjassa, joka täyttää tärkeän aukon alalla matematiikan, ensimmäinen työ Galileon mekaniikka, yhteinen Gravity keskusten yhteenliitettyjen elinten, liikkua alaspäin, kun taas periaate äkillisiä liikkeitä voidaan hän oli yhdistää.

 

Veden sijasta, Torricelli oli viisautta laittaa poikasen (nestemäinen kaivos), joka oli raskaampi kuin kolmetoista ja puoli kertaa, joten korkeus sarakkeessa lyhennettiin yhtä. Joten Torricelli suorittaa ensimmäisen barometri; Toinen pää on tukossa ja lasi putki täynnä elohopeaa. Tämä putki on käännetty ylösalaisin, ja avoin pää on kastettu kylpy amme täynnä elohopeaa uudelleen. Jotkut elohopea putken virtaa kylpy amme ja elohopea sarakkeessa laskeutuu jopa 760 Milli metriä putkeen. Sitten paino elohopean vastaa ilman painetta. Elohopean täyttämä putkien ansiosta paine meren pinnasta oli 1033 gr/cm ². Geometria ja mekaniikka, kukaan ei välittänyt ajatuksiaan ensin. Torricelli yritti myös kehittää hänen mentorinsa, Galileon kaukoputken ja oman mikroskoopin.

 

1643 Torricelli on nyt keksinyt laitteen nimeltä elohopea barometri mitata ilman painetta.

 

Samaan aikaan Blaise Pascal ajatteli käyttää barometri mitata korkeutta. Koska ilma kehän paino määrittää putken sisällä olevan elohopean korkeuden, Tämä korkeus vähenee vuoren huipulla. Huipulla vuoren korkeus ilma kerros on pienempi kuin meren pinnasta ja paino on pienempi. Näin ollen korkeus elohopea sarakkeessa osoittaa, mikä korkeus olemme: Tämä on pohjimmiltaan korkeus mittarin (korkeus mittari).

 

Myöhemmin, muutokset ilma kehässä, vähentää painoa ilma kehän ja jäljittelemällä korkeus elohopea sarakkeessa oli ymmärretty. Näin ollen ennustaminen ilman muutos oli oppinut tarkastelemalla barometri markkereita; Näin ollen meren pinnan tasolla, elohopea on korkeus 760 Milli metriä on merkki "kauniista säästä". Ilman paine voidaan mitata myös kaivos barometri, jotka ovat ilmavalutettu tölkit.

 

Miten se toimii?

 

Lisääntynyt ilman paine liikkuu elohopea kolonnin ja antaa korkeuden vasempaan haaraan. Samaan aikaan, elohopean taso oikea käsi varren vähenee. Paino, joka on hyvin vähän valoa kelluu elohopea ja nousee sen kanssa. Köysi ja kela, painon ja vasta painon mukaan, toimii kuten hihna pyörä kamppeet ja ne voivat liikkua yhdessä. Kuten ilman paine nousee, tasa paino heikkenee ja elohopea lisääntyy, alempi ilman paine, suurempi tasa paino ja alempi elohopea pitoisuus. Tämä tekee selkeän ja tarkan mitta uksen.

 

Bar barometri

 

Toiminta periaate Bar barometri on hyvin yksinkertainen. Ilman paine sovellettu oikeaan säiliöön on suurin paine meren pinnasta ja nesteen taso vasemman varren kasvaa. Vasemman käden aukon on oltava tyhjiö. Jos on kaasua, paine nousee ja se alkaa työntää. Tämä aiheuttaa sen, että mittaus näkyy todellisen arvon alapuolella.


 

Aneroid barometri

 

Tyhjiössä kapseli kuljettaa "B" liikkeen hieman edistystä "" ilman paineen muutos. Pieni vipu, "c", vahvistaa tätä liikettä ja lähettää sen "e" Reel läpi pienen ketjun 'd '. "F" sijoitettu kela näyttää tarkin tulos ansiosta indikaattori Bar ja "g" stabilointi aine.

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